Introduction to Electrical Energy Storage Batteries, Chargers, and Applications

In this course, you will: 

• Understand batteries’ basic chemistry  
• Identify the advantage and disadvantages of using alternative battery types
• Understand the figure of merits, energy, and power density limits of each electrical energy storage component type
• Examine battery testing standards, battery charging systems and state of charge measurement techniques
• Learn about hybrid systems using batteries  
• Understand safety and second-life use of batteries
• Learn about a variety of applications such as automotive and grid-energy storage systems

• Electrical engineers 
• Mechanical engineers 
• System engineers 
• Project engineers 
• Program managers 
• Technical leaders 
• System integrators 
• Electric power generation and utility engineers

Introduction to Electrical Energy Storage

• Scope of energy storage needs and opportunities
• Technology overview and key disciplines
• Example applications and projects

Battery Background

• Common units of measure and common figures of merit

Electrochemistry

• Electrochemical vs. thermal energy sources
  • Voltage and potential energy
  • Reduction and oxidation
  • Reduction potentials and electrochemical couples
  • Electrochemical cell

Battery Construction

• Cell mechanical structure
  • Resistance and polarization
  • Electrode design
  • Discharging and charging

Major Battery Chemistries

• Common batteries (lead acid, NiMH, li-ion, and others)
  • Common battery metrics: performance comparison, power, and energy

• Densities, specific power, and specific energy of batteries with different chemistries
• Relative comparison of electrical energy storage technologies

Lead Acid Batteries

• Lead acid battery charge/discharge characteristics, pros/cons

Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries

• NiMH cell construction, applications, battery characteristics, pros/cons
• Li-Ion Batteries
• Lithium-ion cell reaction, construction, pouch cells, pros/cons
  • Construction—can vs. flexible foil
  • Typical charge/discharge characteristics

Battery System Integration

• Battery pack design considerations for performance
  • Major battery sub-systems and typical schematic
  • Smart battery control
  • Cell balancing, balancing in action
  • Safety and abuse considerations in batteries and cells
  • Fault detection and management systems, battery protection systems

Analysis and Simulation of Batteries

• Equivalent circuit, electrochemical, thermal, and aging and life models
• Trends in simulation technology

Secondary Use, Recycling, and Disposal Issues of Batteries

• USABC requirements
  • Possible markets
  • Economic analysis of deploying used batteries

• Individual and synergistic applications and benefits

Battery Chargers

• Introduction to charger configurations and features
• Charger classes and performance characteristics
• Electronics, automotive, and industrial applications

Battery State Estimation

• State of charge (SOC), State of health (SOH), State of function (SOF)

Battery Standards and Testing

• Test equipment survey
  • Testing by application

Safety

• Fundamental failure modes
  • Standards for testing
  • Role of failure modes and effects (FMEA) tools
  • Protection techniques

Future Electrical Energy Storage Technology

• Current challenges
  • Promising high power and energy battery technologies
  • Future battery electric vehicle performance requirements

Current Research Update

• Electrochemistry, advanced materials, and battery systems and
• management research Automotive Battery Applications
• Degrees of vehicle electrification
  • Battery size vs. application
  • Battery performance and sizing—USABC
  • DOE targets for vehicular energy storage systems
  • Battery sizing factor (BSF)
  • Static capacity and energy

Automotive Battery Application Performance

• Static capacity test
  • Temperature and power performance
  • Life and durability
  • Battery cycling
  • Drive profiles

Grid-Tied Energy Storage System Applications

• Sodium sulfur and redox flow battery based energy storage systems
  • Fundamentals of sodium sulfur and redox flow battery systems
  • Construction
  • Properties and characteristics

• Grid interconnection and control topologies

Theodore Bohn

Theodore Bohn is a principal investigator for Grid Connected Vehicle (Smart Grid/Advanced Charging) research in the Vehicle Systems Group with the Center for Transportation Research at Argonne National Laboratory. He has been working on advanced technology and alternative energy fueled vehicle research for over 25 years and is the current Advanced Battery Technology Chair for the SAE Congress. Bohn received his BS and MS degree in electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Oliver Gross

Oliver Gross is an energy storage systems specialist for High Voltage Energy Storage Solutions, at Chrysler Group, LLC, where he is responsible for the Battery systems technology roadmap for Chrysler and the Fiat Group. He holds both a BS and a master's degree in materials science from the University of Toronto. Gross has 20 years' experience in the advanced energy storage industry, working at Cobasys, Valence Technology, and Ultralife on various battery technologies prior to his position at Chrysler. He currently holds more than ten patents and has authored more than 20 publications.

Thomas Jahns

Dr. Thomas M. Jahns received his bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees from MIT, all in electrical engineering.

Dr. Jahns joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1998 in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.  He served for 14 years as a Co-Director of the Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronics Consortium (WEMPEC), a world-renowned university/industry consortium in the electrical power engineering field.  Since 2021, he is the Grainger Emeritus Professor of Power Electronics and Electrical Machines.

Prior to coming to UW-Madison, Dr. Jahns worked at GE Corporate Research and Development (now GE Global Research) in Niskayuna, NY, for 15 years, where he pursued new power electronics and motor drive technology in a variety of research and management positions. His current research interests at UW-Madison include integrated motor drives and electrified propulsion for both land vehicles and aircraft.

Dr. Jahns is a Fellow of IEEE.  He received the 2005 IEEE Nikola Tesla Technical Field Award “for pioneering contributions to the design and application of AC permanent magnet machines”.  Dr. Jahns is a Past President of the IEEE Power Electronics Society.  He was elected to the US National Academy of Engineering in 2015 and received the IEEE Medal in Power Engineering in 2022.

Omer Onar

Omer C. Onar, PhD, is an Alvin M. Weinberg Fellow and R&D staff at Energy and Transportation Science Division at the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory. His research interests cover power electronics, energy storage systems, and both hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles, including plug-in hybrid vehicles. He received his PhD in electrical engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT).

Bulent Sarlioglu

Bulent Sarlioglu is a Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Technology and Collaboration Director of WEMPEC of the Wisconsin Electric Machines and Power Electronics Consortium. From 2000 to 2011, he was with Honeywell International Inc.'s Aerospace Division, Torrance, CA, USA, most recently as a Staff Systems Engineer.  His expertise includes electrical machines, drives, and power electronics, particularly in electrifying transportation and industrial applications. He is the inventor or co-inventor of 22 U.S. patents and many international patents. In addition, he has more than 300 technical papers that are published in conference proceedings and journals. Dr. Sarlioglu received Honeywell's Outstanding Engineer Award in 2011 for his outstanding contribution to aerospace, the NSF CAREER Award in 2016, and the 4th Grand Nagamori Award from Nagamori Foundation, Japan, in 2018.  Dr. Sarlioglu received the IEEE PES Cyril Veniott Award in 2021. Dr. Sarlioglu became a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors in 2021 and an IEEE Fellow in 2022.